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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the questions below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III, You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1:

Statements: Some pens are books. All schools are books. Some colleges are schools. Conclusions:
  1. Some colleges are pens.
  2. Some pens are schools.
  3. Some colleges are books.

A Only I and II follow

B Only II and III follow

C Only I and III follow

D All follow

E None of these

ANS:E - None of these

Explanation: Some pens are books. All schools are books. Since the middle term 'books' is not distributed even once in the premises, so no definite conclusion follows. Some colleges are schools. All schools are books. Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some colleges are books'. Thus, III follows. Some pens are books. Some colleges are books. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn. Hence, only III follows.



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