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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the questions below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III, You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1:

Statements: Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow. Conclusions:
  1. No cow is cat.
  2. No dog is rat.
  3. Some cats are rats.

A None follows

B Only I and II follow

C Only II and III follow

D Only III follows

E All I, II and III follow

ANS:D - Only III follows

Explanation: III is the converse of the first premise and so it holds. Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some cats are not cows'.



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