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Logical Deduction

Directions to SolveIn each of the following questions, three statements are given followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and TV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Q1:

Statements: Some trains are roads. No road is jungle. All flowers are jungles. Conclusions:
  1. Some trains are flowers.
  2. Some trains are jungles.
  3. Some flowers are trains.
  4. No road is flower.

A None follows

B Only II follows

C Only III follows

D Only IV follows

E All follow

ANS:D - Only IV follows

Explanation: Some trains are roads. No road is jungle. Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some trains are not jungles'. No road is jungle. All flowers are jungles. Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No flower is road'. IV is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Some trains are roads, No flower is road. As discussed above, it follows that 'Some trains are not flowers'.



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